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Men who have sex with men

Gallery

Alternative Names
  • Gay men
  • Homosexually active men
  • MSM
  • Transmission
  • Vulnerable groups
Summary

Note: Topic descriptions are intended to be a search aid rather than an authoritative or complete definition.

Details

This term is used to describe men who have sexual relations with other men, regardless of whether they identify themselves as homosexual, bisexual or heterosexual. This topic encompasses policy and related published sources referring to HIV prevention and the sexual behaviour and health of MSM, as well as broader programs (for instance, national plans) with more specific MSM-directed components.

Prepared by: Bruce A. Smith

Related Entries

Related NGOs or Civil Society Organisations

Related Topics

Published Resources

Journals

Journal Articles

Reports

  • The National AIDS Campaign 1986 to 1992: An Overview, Submission by AIDS/Communicable Diseases Branch for the Evaluation Panel Review of National HIV/AIDS programs, Commonwealth Department of Health, Housing and Community Services, Canberra, November 1992, 50 pp. [ Details... ]
  • Mate Ketoketo/Arai Kore: A report about HIV/AIDS and Māori, Te Puni Kōkiri (Ministry of Māori Development), Wellington, 1994, 43 pp. [ Details... ]
  • National Policy on HIV/AIDS and STD Related Issues, Director General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, November 1996, 92 pp. (Also available at http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/trav/aids/laws /bangladeshnationalpolicy.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • Partnerships in Practice: National HIV/AIDS Strategy 1996-97 to 1998-99, A strategy framed in the context of sexual health and related communicable diseases, Australian Government Publication Service, Canberra, December 1996, 87 pp. (Also available at http://www.health.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/Content /2B40E281073B94C7CA256FBD007928B5$Filepip.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • Working With Men for HIV Prevention and Care, UNAIDS Best Practice Collection, UNAIDS/01.64 E, UNAIDS - The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, October 2001, 43 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • UN System Strategic Plan for HIV/AIDS 2001-2005, UNAIDS - The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, 2001, 74 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • HIV Prevention and Care in Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) - Principles of Strategy, HIV Prevention in Hong Kong Strategy Series, AIDS Prevention and Care Committee, Hong Kong Advisory Council on AIDS, Hong Kong, September 2001, 9 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • An Integrated Approach to Infectious Disease: Priorities for Action 2002-2006, Ministry of Health, Wellington, November 2001, 84 pp. (Also available at http://www.moh.govt.nz) [ Details... ]
  • National Strategic Plan for Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS in Sri Lanka, 2002-2006, Ministry of Health, Government of Sri Lanka, 2002, 47 pp. (Also available at http://www.unaids.org/) [ Details... ]
  • National Estimates of Adult HIV Infection, Indonesia 2002, Workshop Report, Ministry of Health (Indonesia), Jakarta, 2003, 54 pp. (Also available at http://www.fhi.org/en/HIVAIDS/pub/survreports/indonesia2002.htm) [ Details... ]
  • The HIV/AIDS/STD Situation and the National Response in Nepal, UNAIDS - The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS; National Center for AIDS and STD Control, Kathmandu, January 2003, 11 pp. (Also available at http://www.synergyaids.com/documents/NepalHIVResponse03.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • National HIV/AIDS Strategic Plan 2004-2006, Ministry of Health, Government of Fiji, 2003, 123 pp. [ Details... ]
  • Myanmar National Strategic Plan on HIV and AIDS: Operational Plan April 2006 - March 2009, 23 September 2006, 22 pp. (Also available at http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs4 /mm_national_strategic_plan_operational_plan.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • Myanmar National Strategic Plan on HIV and AIDS 2006-2010, Draft, 28 June 2006, Government of Myanmar, 2006, 97 pp. (Also available at http://him.civiblog.org/_attachments/2686915 /mm%20national%20strategic%20plan.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • Zhonghu Renmin Gongheguo Aizibing Yufang he Kongzhi Zhongqi Guihua 1990-1992 (People's Republic of China: Mid Term Plan of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control (1990-1992)), n/d. (Also available at http://www.chinaids.org.cn/zhq/ShowContent.asp?lm=031&sn=661) [ Details... ]
  • Advisory Council on AIDS Hong Kong, Strategies for AIDS Prevention, Care and Control in Hong Kong, Advisory Council on AIDS Hong Kong, 1994, 85 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • Advisory Council on AIDS Hong Kong, AIDS Strategies for Hong Kong 1999-2001, The Hong Kong Advisory Council on AIDS, 1999, 21 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • AFAO, Negotiated Safety, Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations, July 1997, 6 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • AFAO, Developments in Gay Education, Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations, April 1997, 4 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • Agardh, Anette, Bertil Egerö, Niklas Eriksson, Mikael Hammarskjöld, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Jerker Liljestrand and Ditte Mårtensson, Men matter! AIDS, Gender and Masculinities, Standing Up For HIV Prevention, Art. no.: SIDAxxxxxen, Sida - Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, May 2007, 38 pp. (Also available at http://www.aidsportal.org/repos /SIDA_Report_Men_Matter_Aids_Gender_and_Masculinity1.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • Aggleton, Peter; Elaine Chase; Kim Rivers; Paul Tyrer, Innovative Approaches to HIV Prevention: Selected Case Studies, UNAIDS - Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, October 2000, 55 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • AIDS/STD Section, Disease Control Division, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Plan of Action for the Prevention and Control of HIV Infection, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, 1998, 137 pp. [ Details... ]
  • ANCARD - Australian National Council on AIDS & Related Diseases, The National Indigenous Australians' Sexual Health Strategy 1996-97 to 1998-99, A Report of the ANCARD Working Party on Indigenous Australians' Sexual Health, Looking Glass Press for Publications and Design (Public Affairs) Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services, Canberra, 1997, 122 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • Australasian Chapter of Sexual Health Medicine, Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Sexually Transmissible Infections Among Priority Populations, The Royal Australasian College of Physicians, Australasian Chapter of Sexual Health Medicine, Sydney, 2004. (Also available at http://www.acshp.org.au/sexual_health/guidelines /sti_guidelines_priority_populations.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • Bangladesh AIDS and Prevention Control Programme, Strategic Plan of The National AIDS Programme of Bangladesh 1997-2002, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, July 2000, 44 pp. (Also available at http://hivaidsclearinghouse.unesco.org /ev.php?URL_ID=1653&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201&reload=1097143865) [ Details... ]
  • Boyce, Paul and Sunil Pant, Rapid Ethnography of Male to Male Sexuality and Sexual Health, Family Health International, Kathmandu, December 2001, 35 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • Center for Disease Control, Ying Jieshou Renlei Mianyi Quefa Bingduzhe zhi Fanwei (People to be tested for HIV), Issued by Department of Health, Center for Disease Control, Taiwan, ROC, 2004. [ Details... ]
  • China Ministry of Health & UN Theme Group on HIV/AIDS in China, China Responds to AIDS: HIV/AIDS Situation & Needs Assessment Report, November 1997. (Also available at http://www.unchina.org/unaids/ekey1.html) [ Details... ]
  • Commission on AIDS in Asia, Redefining AIDS in Asia: Crafting an Effective Response - Report of the Commission on AIDS in Asia, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 26 March 2008, 258 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • Committee on Education & Publicity on AIDS, Hong Kong, Recommended Strategy for HIV Prevention in MSM in Hong Kong, Committee on Education & Publicity on AIDS, September 1998, 3 pp. (Also available at http://www.info.gov.hk/aids/pdf/g66.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, Changes and Challenges: National HIV/AIDS Strategy 1999-2000 to 2003-2004, Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2000, 59 pp. (Also available at http://www.health.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/Content /health-pubhlth-publicat-document-metadata-hivstrat_4.htm$FILEhivstrat_4.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • Department of Health and Ageing, National Sexually Transmissible Infections Strategy 2005-2008, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2005, 48 pp. (Also available at http://www.health.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/Content /phd-sti-strategy-cnt.htm$FILEsti_strategy.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • Dowsett, Gary; Jeffrey Grierson and Stephen McNally, A Review of Knowledge About the Sexual Networks and Behaviours of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Asia, ARCSHS - Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, Melbourne, May 2006, 92 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • EAP - The Essential Advocacy Project, The Power to Change - A Training Manual: Building Advocacy Capacity for India's HIV/AIDS Response, Training Resources, EAP, New Delhi, August 2007, 341 pp. (Also available at http://www.constellagroup.com/international-development/resources /power-to-change.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • Feachem, Richard G. A., Valuing the Past...Investing in the Future: Evaluation of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy 1993-94 to 1995-96, 2nd edn, Looking Glass Press for Publications and Design (Public Affairs), Commonwealth Dept. of Human Services and Health, Downer, ACT, November 1995, 232 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • FHI - Family Health International, What Drives HIV in Asia?: A Summary of Trends in Sexual and Drug-Taking Behaviours, FHI, 2001, 61 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • Fogarty, Andrea; Patrick Rawstorne; Garrett Prestage; Jeffrey Grierson; Andrew Grulich; Susan Kippax; Heather Worth; Dean Murphy., Positive Health: Then and Now...Following HIV-Positive People's Lives Over Time, National Centre in HIV Social Research, Sydney, 2003, 69 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • FPAN - Family Planning Association of Nepal, HIV/AIDS Strategy 2002-2006, FPAN, n/d, 20 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • Government of Nepal, Nepal's National HIV/AIDS Strategy 2002-2006, Government of Nepal, 2002. (Also available at http://www.unaids.org/html/pub/topics/nsp-library/nsp-asia /nsp_nepal_2002-2006_en_doc.htm) [ Details... ]
  • Hawkes, Sarah and K.G. Santhya, Diverse Realities: Understanding Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV in India, South and East Asia Regional Working Paper Series, The Population Council, New Delhi, 2001, 77 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • HIV/AIDS & STI Section, PHP, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, The Pacific Regional Strategy on HIV/AIDS 2004-2008 (Final Working Draft), (Final Working Draft), SPC - Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 5th July 2004, 32 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • Hong Kong Advisory Council on AIDS, Annual Report of Hong Kong Advisory Council on AIDS (August 2003-July 2004), Hong Kong Advisory Council on AIDS, 2005, 46 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • Human Rights Watch, The Philippines Unprotected: Sex, Condoms and the Human Right to Health, Vol. 16, No. 6 (C) edn, Human Rights Watch, © May 2004, 70 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Working with Men, Responding to AIDS: Gender, Sexuality and HIV - A Case Study Collection, International HIV/AIDS Alliance, 2003, 68 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • Jenkins, Carol, A Situational Assessment of HIV/AIDS in the Maldives for the Year 2000, Conducted for the Department of Public Health and the UN Theme Group, The Republic of Maldives, UN Theme Group on HIV/AIDS, June 2000, 34 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • Khan, Shivananda; Aditya Bondyopadhyay, From the Front Line, The impact of social, legal and judicial impediments to sexual health promotion, and HIV and AIDS related care and support for males who have sex with males in Bangladesh and India: a study report, Naz Foundation, Naz Foundation, 2005-6, 57 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • KHANA - Khmer HIV/AIDS NGO Alliance, Out of the Shadows: Male to Male Sexual Behaviour in Cambodia, KHANA - Khmer HIV/AIDS NGO Alliance, 2003, 65 pp. (Also available at http://synkronweb.aidsalliance.org/graphics/secretariat/publications /ots0703_out_of_the_shadows.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • Kinder, Paul and David Lowe, National Evaluation Framework for HIV/AIDS Health Promotion for Gay Men and Other Homosexually Active Men, Don Nutbeam, Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, 1999, 117 pp. (Also available at http://www.ancahrd.org/pubs/pdfs/nat_eval.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • MAP - Monitoring the AIDS Pandemic Network, AIDS in Asia: Face the Facts, MAP Report, MAP - Monitoring the AIDS Pandemic, 2004, 134 pp. (Also available at http://www.mapnetwork.org/docs/MAP_AIDSinAsia2004.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • MAP - Monitoring the AIDS Pandemic Network, Male-Male Sex and HIV/AIDS in Asia, MAP - Monitoring the AIDS Pandemic, 2005, 24 pp. (Also available at http://www.mapnetwork.org/docs/MAP_&M%20Book_04July05_en.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • Martin, Paul, Economic Efficiency of HIV/AIDS Education Programs for Gay Men: A Discussion Paper, AFAO Education Working Group, Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations, August 1996, 4 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • McNally, Stephen, Prevention and Treatment: You Can't Have One Without the Other, ASAP - AIDS Society of Asia and the Pacific, 2004. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • Ministry of Health, HIV/AIDS Action Plan: Sexual and Reproduction Health Strategy, Ministry of Health, Government of New Zealand, Wellington, 2003, 54 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • Ministry of Health, Government of China, Guanyu zai Geji Jibing Yufang Kongzhi Zhongxin (Weisheng Fangyizhan) Jianli Gaowei Renquan Ganyu Gongzuodui de Tongzhi (Circular on Establishing Intervention Task Force for HIV High Risk Population in Centres for Disease Control or Epidemic Prevention Centres at All Levels of Government), Ministry of Health, Government of China, 2004. (Also available at http://www.moh.gov.cn/public /open.aspx?n_id=8581&seq=%E6%8C%89%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95) [ Details... ]
  • Ministry of Public Health, Thailand and the World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia, External Review of the Health Sector Response to HIV/AIDS in Thailand, World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia & Ministry of Public Health, Government of Thailand, New Delhi, 7-19 August, 2005, 68 pp. (Also available at http://searo.who.int/LinkFiles/News_and_Events_ThailandProgrammeReviewNEW.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • NACO - National AIDS Control Organisation, Link Worker Scheme Operational Guidelines, NACO, New Delhi, October 2007, 94 pp. (Also available at http://www.nacoonline.org/upload/IEC%20Resources /Link%20Worker%20Scheme%20Operational%20Guidelines.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • NACO - National AIDS Control Organization, National Baseline High Risk and Bridge Population Behavioural Surveillance Survey - Part II (Men who Sex with Men and Injecting Drug Users), NACO - National AIDS Control Organisation, 2002, 74 pp. (Also available at http://www.nacoonline.org/publication/51.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • National AIDS Control Programme, The National HIV/AIDS Strategic Framework, 2001-2006, Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan; UNAIDS - The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, 2001. (Also available at http://www.nacp.com.pk/pdf /THE%20NATIONAL%20HIV_AIDS%20STRATEGIC%20FRAMEWORK.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • National Center For AIDS and STD Control, Nepal's National HIV/AIDS Strategy, Final Draft, Ministry of Health, Government of the Kingdom of Nepal, July 19 2002, 48 pp. (Also available at http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/pdf/countries/nepal2.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • Quality Management Services, Infrastructure Benchmarks for the Design, Implementation and Evaluation of HIV/AIDS Health Promotion Programs for Gay and Homosexually Active Men, ANCAHRD - Australian National Council on AIDS, Hepatitis C and Related Diseases, September 1999, 37 pp. (Also available at http://www.ancahrd.org/pubs/pdfs/benchmarks.pdf) [ Details... ]
  • Quan, Andy and Chris Ward, All Of Us Count. Part 1. Building Capacity and Building Community: the involvement of affected communities in responding to HIV/AIDS, The Coalition of Asia Pacific Regional Networks on HIV/AIDS (the Seven Sisters), n/d, 71 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • Sexual Health and Rights Program, Open Society Institute, Sex Workers, Transgender People and Men Who Have Sex with Men: Thailand, Open Society Institute - Network Public Health Program, 2006, 74 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • The UN Theme Group on HIV in China, HIV/AIDS: China's Titanic Peril 2001: Update of the AIDS Situation and Needs Assessment Report, UNAIDS - The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, June 2002, 91 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • TREAT Asia, MSM and HIV/AIDS Risk in Asia: What Is Fueling the Epidemic Among MSM and How Can It Be Stopped?, TREAT Asia (amfAR - Foundation for AIDS Research), August 2006, 85 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • UNAIDS, UNAIDS Policy Brief: HIV and Sex Between Men, UNAIDS - Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, August 2006, 4 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • UNAIDS, HIV and Men Who Have Sex With Men in Asia and the Pacific, UNAIDS Best Practice Collection, (UNAIDS/06.25E), UNAIDS - Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, September 2006, 72 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • UNAIDS - The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, AIDS and Men who have Sex with Men, UNAIDS Best Practice Collection: Point of view, UNAIDS - The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, July 1998, 8 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • UNESCAP - United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Economic and Social Progress in Jeopardy: HIV/AIDS in the Asian and Pacific Region: Integrating Economic and Social Concerns, Especially HIV/AIDS, in Meeting the Needs of the Region, United Nations, New York, August 2003, 156 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • UNESCAP - United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific and AUSAID - The Australian Government's Overseas Aid Program, HIV/AIDS Prevention, Care and Support: Stories from the Community, ST/ESCAP/2249, United Nations, Bangkok, April 2003, 140 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]
  • UNFPA - United Nations Population Fund and FHI - Family Health International/YouthNet, Strengthening Young People's Participation in the RH/HIV Repsonse in Thailand, FHI, 2006, 40 pp. [ PDF File | Details... ]

Created: 15 June 2004, Last modified: 21 July 2006